The Bible’s use of “ekklesia”: universal spiritual group (continued)
Matthew 16:13-20 (Acts 2:36-41)
The term “universal church”
The word “catholic” means “universal.”
One single Savior ➡️ one, single group of saved people (church)
The Bible’s use of “ekklesia”: local spiritual group
I Corinthians 1:2
I Thessalonians 1:1
The Bible’s use of “ekklesia”: local church assembly
I Corinthians 14:4, 5, 12, 19, 23, 28, 33, 34, 35
I Corinthians 11:18, 22
The Bible’s use of “ekklesia”: Christians in certain regions
Acts 9:31
The difference between “church” and “churches”
Number
“church”
“churches”
There is only one (Matthew 16:18; Ephesians 1:22-23; 4:4).
There are many (Revelation 22:16; Romans 16:16).
Salvation
“church”
“churches”
Membership is equivalent to salvation (Ephesians 5:23-29; Hebrews 12:22-24; Matthew 16:13-20).
Members are not necessarily saved (I Corinthians 5), and the saved are not necessarily members (Acts 8:38-39; Revelation 1:9; III John 1:9-10).
Scope
“church”
“churches”
This refers to ALL the saved (Acts 2:47).
This refers to a limited group of (presumably) saved people functioning collectively in Divinely authorized work (Philippians 1:1).
Entrance and removal
“church”
“churches”
God decides (Acts 2:47; John 15:6).
People decide (Acts 9:26-28; I Corinthians 5:2, 7, 13).
Beginning and ending
“church”
“churches”
The church began when people were first saved by Christ (~33 A.D., Acts 2:36-47) and will never come to an end (Matthew 16:18; I Thessalonians 4:17).
They begin and end any time since Acts 2 (Acts 11:21-26; 15:41; 16:5; Revelation 2:5).
Oversight
“church”
“churches”
Jesus is the head of the church (Ephesians 1:22-23). There are no earthly leaders.
Elders are to be appointed in every church (Acts 14:23; Titus 1:5).
Treasury
“church”
“churches”
There is none.
Churches collect and use money on a congregational level (I Corinthians 16:1-4; Philippians 4:15-16).
Work
“church”
“churches”
The word “church” in this sense simply refers to all saved people (Ephesians 5:23-29; Hebrews 12:22-24), but they are not a universally functioning entity.
Churches engage in lots of different actions and work.
Examples of the work of local churches:
Help needy saints in the local church (Acts 6:1-6)
Help needy saints in other churches (Romans 15:26)
Add/subtract members (Acts 9:26-28; I Corinthians 5:13)
Assembly to worship God and edify each other (I Corinthians 14:23-26)
Have overseers and deacons (Philippians 1:1)
Make decisions (I Corinthians 16:3)
Help sinners repent (Matthew 18:17)
Partake of the Lord’s Supper (I Corinthians 11:17-24)
Sing spiritual songs (I Corinthians 14:26)
Pray (I Corinthians 14:15)
Teach God’s word (I Corinthians 14:26)
Collect money (I Corinthians 16:2)
Sound forth the word (I Thessalonians 1:8)
Support preachers in other places (Philippians 4:15-16)
Romans 16:16 - This verse is sometimes cited as authority for collective action.
I Samuel 1:1 - I Chronicles seems to indicate that Samuel was a Levite.
I Samuel 1:6-8 - Favoritism is very destructive in a family! This also shows how God’s original plan for one man and one woman in marriage is the best.
I Samuel 1:19-28
Hannah had promised she would give the boy to Him and God granted her request. Hannah kept her promise! She also named her son Samuel, meaning “heard by God.”
I Samuel 2
I Samuel 2:1-11 - Hannah’s prayer
I Samuel 2:12-36
Eli was both a priest and a judge in Israel (I Samuel 4:18). Eli’s sons were also priests, but did evil.
Eli ended up raising Samuel and Samuel would later make the same mistake with his own sons in I Samuel 8, which is part of the reason Israel cried out for a king.
Hebrews 13:1 - “Let love of the brethren continue”
Ephesians 4:3, 13-15
The right authority
Matthew 21:23 - They were not sincere, but this is a legitimate question.
I Corinthians 20:10-13
Isaiah 8:19-20
Commands
Matthew 28:18-20
Luke 17:7-10
I Corinthians 7:19
I Thessalonians 4:1-2, 11
II Thessalonians 3:4-6, 10-12
II Peter 2:21-3:2
I John 2:3-4; 3:22-24; 4:21-5:3
II John 1:4-6
Examples
John 15:12
Acts 20:35
I Corinthians 4:16; 10:6-11; 11:1
Philippians 3:17; 4:9
I Thessalonians 1:6
II Thessalonians 3:7-9
Hebrews 4:11
III John 1:9-11
Implications
Genesis 2:24 ➡️ Matthew 19:3-6
Exodus 3:6 ➡️ Mark 12:26-27
Psalms 16:10 ➡️ Acts 2:24-32
Psalms 110:1 ➡️ Matthew 22:41-46; Acts 2:33-36
Matthew 9:6 ➡️ Matthew 9:2
Acts 10:10-16 ➡️ Acts 10:28 - The gospel is for all.
Acts 16:9 ➡️ Acts 16:10
When we’re trying to understand God’s will on a particular matter, we take all of the information that’s available in the Bible (in whatever for it’s in) and bring it all into a harmonious conclusion - “So this is what God wants!”
Pitfalls we want to avoid
Let’s avoid appeals to human tradition
“But we’ve always done it this way.”
Matthew 15:1-9
II Thessalonians 2:15
Let’s avoid appeals to human authorities
“Well, ol’ brother so-and-so always said …”
Matthew 15:7-9
Acts 17:11
Instead of assuming, let’s ask sincere questions.
“What do you mean by that?” “Which verses teach that?”
John 7:24
Let’s love God and each other enough to eagerly get into the text!