• Last lesson

    • Galilee
    • Samaritans
    • Temples
      • Gerizim
      • Elephantine
      • Heliopolis
    • End of rule for John Hyrcanus
    • Treacheries of Aristobulus

  • This lesson

    • Results of Aristobulus’ rule
    • Profane rule of Jannaeus
    • Last of the Hasmoneans
    • First of the Herodians

  • John Hyrcanus designates wife as heir

    • As ruler, not as priest
    • He dies in 104 BC
    • Son (Aristobulus) imprisons her and 3 brothers

  • Aristobulus now rules

    • Declares himself as both priest and king
    • Conquers the rest of Galilee and Iturea
    • Dies of illness after one year

  • Wife of Aristobulus nicer than husband

  • Jannaeus now high priest and king

    • Marries brother’s widow, Alexandra
      • Deuteronomy 25:5
      • Matthew 22:23-33
    • Spent younger years in Galilee
    • Vigorous military campaigns
      • Gained much territory
      • Lost same within several years
    • Persecuted Pharisees
    • Mocked the feasts

  • Civil war

    • Pharisees vs Sadducees, Hasmoneans
    • 50,000 killed in six years
    • Pharisees appeal to Seleucids for help
      • Eventually dump foreign tyrants for native tyrant
      • Jannaeus dies in 76 BC
      • Queen Salome Alexandra takes throne

  • Queen Alexandra

    • Establishes Sanhedrin
      • Rabbinical council
      • Religious legislative powers
      • Judicial authority
    • Strengthens Judean army
    • Appoints son, John Hyrcanus II, as high priest
    • She dies in 67 BC
    • Son takes throne

  • John Hyrcanus II takes the throne

    • Aristobulus II goes to war
      • “Fight” at Jericho
      • Siege at Jerusalem
      • Hyrcanus surrenders with terms
    • Antipater the Idumean
      • Well-heeled noble from Idumea
      • Skilled politician and diplomat
    • Veteran governor of Idumea under Hasmoneans
    • Sees Hyrcanus as weak and pliable

  • Plots to replace Aristobulus

    • Places Hyrcanus with Nabateans
    • Makes promises for support

  • Siege of Jerusalem

    • Nabateans take 50,000 troops
    • They commit two serious offenses

  • Race for Roman support

    • General Scaurus is completing conquest in Syria
    • Both brothers try to bribe him
    • Initial call is in favor of Aristobulus

  • Pompey comes to town

    • More bribes
    • Pompey ignores bribes
    • Considers annexation of Judea instead

  • Caesar and Pompey contend for rule

    • Caesar wins, Antipater supports him
    • Antipater appointed governor of Judea
    • Hyrcanus appointed high priest, tetrarch

  • Coming weeks

    • Herodian Dynasty
    • Role of women in Jewish society
    • Social strata of Jerusalem
    • Religious sects
    • Purification
    • Laws of the Sabbath