• In scripture

    • Bartholomew

      • Only in the listings

      • Matthew 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:14; Acts 1:13

      • Called Nathanael in the book of John (John 1:45-49)

        • First to declare belief in Jesus as the Son of God, King of Israel

        • Jesus promised him greater wonders to come

      • Named together with other apostles in John 21:2-4

      • Bartholomew means “Son of Tolmai”

    • Thomas

      • Willing to die: John 11:16

      • Didn’t know: John 14:1-6

      • Prove it: John 20:24-28

      • Such a bad thing? Acts 17:10-12

      • Difference between him and us

    • Matthew

      • Also called Levi

      • Tax collector – Matthew 9:9; Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27-29

      • No other mention other than listing of apostles

    • James son of Alpheus (the Less)

      • Mother’s name was Mary – Mark 16:1

      • Probably the James of Acts 12:17; 15:13; 21:18

        • Apparently well-respected among the apostles

        • Possibly prominent

      • Not certain about I Corinthians 15:7

      • Galatians 1:19 problematic – different from James the son of Alpheus

      • Author of book of James?

        • Book of James – compare with Sermon on the Mount

          • Persecution – James 1:2; Matthew 5:10-12

          • Perfection – James 1:4; Matthew 5:48

          • Praying in faith – James 1:5; 5:15; Matthew 7:7-12

          • Wrath – James 1:20; Matthew 5:22

          • Mercy – James 2:13; Matthew 5:7

          • Obedience – James 2:14-16; Matthew 7:21-23

          • Being peaceable – James 3:17-18; Matthew 5:9

          • Serving two masters – James 4:4; Matthew 6:24

          • Humility – James 4:10; Matthew 5:3-4

          • Judgment – James 4:11-12; Matthew 7:1-2

          • Perishable riches – James 5:1-3; Matthew 6:19

          • Patience in suffering – James 5:10-11; Matthew 5:12

          • Swearing – James 5:12; Matthew 5:33-37

    • Thaddaeus (Lebbaeus, Judas)

      • Only seen in listings of the apostles

      • Son of James (not the apostle James)

      • Not the brother of James

      • John 14:21-24

    • Simon the Zealot, Zelotes, Canaanite

      • Only in the three listings of the apostles

    • Judas Iscariot

      • Foretelling: Psalms 69:25; 109:8; John 6:71

      • Misconduct: John 12:1-8

      • Betrayal: Matthew 26:14-16, 21-25, 47-50

        • Mark 14

        • Luke 22

        • John 18

      • Acts 1:15-25

    • Difference between Judas and Nathanael

      • John 1:49

      • Matthew 26:14-16

    • Matthias

      • Acts 1:12-16

      • No other reference in scripture

  • In history and tradition

    • Bartholomew (Nathanael)

      • Preached throughout Parthia as far as India

      • Translated book of Matthew into Sanskrit

      • Moved on to Armenia and preached there

      • Joined Philip in Hierapolis, nearly martyred there

      • Description of Bartholomew by Indians

        • Black, curly hair with white skin and large eyes

        • Hair over his ears and long, grisly bead, medium height

        • Voice like a trumpet, able to speak any language

        • Wore same clothes and shoes many years with no wear