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  • Introduction
    • Are soul and spirit used interchangeably? No
    • Does the work soul always mean the same thing? No
    • Does the word spirit always mean the same thing? No
  • Soul, its meanings
    • The whole man – Genesis 46:22; I Peter 3:20; Acts 7:14
    • Mind, passions, emotions – Numbers 21:4; I Samuel 1:10-15
    • The body – Job 33:22
    • One mindedness – Acts 4:32
    • The eternal spirit – Matthew 10:28; Ezekiel 18:4
  • Spirit, its meanings
    • Holy Spirit – Acts 2:4
    • Mind, disposition – Romans 8:15; Matthew 5:3; I Kings 21:5; Romans 8:9
    • The gospel in contrast to the law – II Corinthians 3:6; Hebrews 10:1-10
    • The eternal spirit – Ecclesiastes 12:7; James 2:26
  • Soul and spirit sometimes used interchangeably
    • Saved – Hebrews 10:29; I Corinthians 5:5
    • Purified – I Peter 1:22; II Corinthians 7:1
    • Departs – James 2:26; Genesis 35:18
  • I Thessalonians 5:23
  • Have I appropriated the blessings for the soul and spirit to myself?
    • Luke 6:46; Matthew 7:21

For further study, see also:

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  • Introduction
    • Psalms 8:1-4
    • Isaiah 42:5
    • Psalms 33:6
  • Self-created
    • Big bang – big problems
      • Where did the cosmic egg come from?
      • Laws of thermodynamics
        • Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only change forms.
      • “Flatness”
      • “Horizon”
      • Mature galaxies
      • Comets
      • Blue stars
      • Spiral galaxies
      • Redshift
    • Can we reconcile this with the Bible? NO
      • Genesis 1:31
      • Exodus 20:11; 31:17
      • Genesis 1:1, 16, 19 – God created heavens and the earth first.
  • Eternal
    • Laws of thermodynamics
      • Energy is becoming less usable. (Entropy is increasing.)
  • Created
    • Colossians 1:13-18; Psalms 102:25-27; 136:1-9
    • Psalms 19:1
    • It’s not that science hasn’t found the answer yet. Science isn’t capable of finding the answer.
  • A word about faith
    • Hebrews 11:3
    • Belief in the Big Bang Theory requires faith! We didn’t observe it and can’t test it.
  • Why our origins matter
    • Romans 1:18-20 – God’s creation points to Him.

For further study, see also:

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  • Psalms 49-54
  • Psalms 49:1 – The high, low, poor, and rich will all be alike in death.
  • Psalms 49:12 – Man’s body decays just like the bodies of beasts.
  • Psalms 50:10 – See Acts 17:25
  • Psalms 51:16-17 – God wants a contrite heart first before the sacrifices are acceptable.
  • Psalms 51:5 – This verse is often misused in Calvinist doctrine. We know that it does not mean David was sinful at birth (Ezekiel 18:2-4). Matthew 18:3 also tells us that children are not in sin.
    • Psalms 71:6; 139:13-14; 58:3
    • We know that this birth is not saying David was born out of wedlock. See Ruth 4:22. David was in the line to Christ and was certainly not illegitimate.
  • Psalms 53:1 – Declaring that there is no God identifies you as a fool regardless of your intellectual accomplishments.
  • Psalms 53:6 – See Ephesians 4:8, which applies this passage to those who are captives of sin.

For further study, see also:

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  • Somewhere in the middle, continued:
    • Tax collectors (publicans)
      • Bought position
      • Assessment arbitrary
      • Fill quota
      • Shaky heritage
      • High net worth
      • Very low esteem with all
      • Matthew 5:43-48
      • Matthew 18:15-17
      • Matthew 9:9-13
      • Luke 18:9-14
      • Matthew 21:23-31, 33-46
      • Luke 19:1-10 – Zaccheus was a rich tax collector.
  • The elites
    • The rich
      • Usually the most successful farmers and merchants
      • Not always Sadducees
      • Luke 15:11-32 – father of the prodigal son was a wealthy man
    • Pharisees, scribes
      • The religious elite
      • Rarely among the rich
      • John 3:1; 19:39 – Nicodemus was a Pharisee, but evidently a man of means.
    • Priesthood
      • The priestly elite
      • Usually among the richest
      • Priests made money on concessions around the temple and money-changing.
  • Regions, cities, enclaves of the Diaspora
    • Persia had largest regional Jewish population
      • Mostly remainders of Babylonian captivity
      • Had the lowest level of Hellenization of all Jews
    • Alexandria had largest Jewish urban population
      • About 200,000
      • Mostly around Heliopolis
      • Easy access to ports to rest of the world, relatively easy to get back to Jerusalem for worship
    • Enclaves from Morocco to India, Cape Horn to the Bosporus

For further study, see also:

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  • Introduction
    • It is God’s salvation
      • Psalms 51:12
      • Romans 6:23
    • Salvation shows God’s love
      • John 3:16
      • Hebrews 2:9
      • Titus 2:11
    • Salvation is conditional
      • I Timothy 2:4
      • II Peter 3:9
  • That which God requires one to understand, he can understand
    • John 7:17
    • Galatians 5:17
    • John 8:43 – The problem was that people were not willing to do the will of God. They heard the word but had not committed themselves to do it.
  • That which God requires one to believe, he can believe.
    • Hebrews 11:6
    • Psalms 19:1-2
    • Romans 1:20
    • Matthew 24:46
    • I Corinthians 15:6
    • Hebrews 8:6
    • Jeremiah 10:23
    • Psalms 37:23
  • That which God requires one to do, he can do
    • Acts 17:30
    • Romans 10:10
    • Acts 2:38, 47
    • Many will not do these things, but it is not because they cannot.
    • I Timothy 5:22
    • I Corinthians 15:58
    • Matthew 6:33
    • Galatians 6:1
    • James 5:19-20
    • Matthew 28:18-20
  • That which God requires one to be, he can be.
    • I Peter 1:16
    • Ephesians 5:25-27
    • I Timothy 5:22
    • Ephesians 3:21
    • Matthew 5:16
  • Do we really want to be saved badly enough to be saved?

For further study, see also:

Questions or comments? Join our Discord server for further study.


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© 2026, Mark Watson

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