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  • Psalms 41-48
  • Psalms 44:8 – This should be our goal: to praise God all day long!
  • Psalms 44:9-21 – The reason God rejected them was because they had forsaken God. Compare Romans 8:35-36. This passage seems to present the view of God’s actions from the human perspective. People felt that God was forsaking them for no reason. We know from many other scriptures that this was not really true.
  • Psalms 45:6 – This is a Messianic prophecy. See Hebrews 1:8-9.
  • Psalms 48:12-13 – Know God and His word well so you can teach it to the next generation.

For further study, see also:

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  • Last lesson
    • What changed going into the 1st century
    • How that contrasted with Jesus’ ministry
  • Question from last week
    • First century treatment of women
      • Sounds like what Muslims teach today
      • Where did they get those teachings?
    • Mohammed grew up in the trade caravans
      • Encountered many Jews and Christians
      • Islam is a hodgepodge of adaptations from both
      • Borrowed from Hellenism on treatment of women
        • Mistook Jewish tradition with scriptural mandate
        • Saw conflicts as indication that scripture was corrupt
  • This lesson
    • Women in Jesus’ ministry
    • Social strata of Jerusalem and Judea
    • Intro into the Diaspora
  • More about women
    • Luke 7:36-50
    • Luke 10:38-42 – This directly contradicts teaching from rabbis that said women should not be taught.
      • Mary had the ability to make the choice to be a disciple and she made the right choice.
      • Acts 22:3
    • Luke 8:1-3
    • Luke 8:40-56
  • What’s the point?
    • Status and dignity of women eroded
      • By culture
      • By religious tradition
    • Jesus did not regard either
      • John’s message was of a return to God’s Word
      • Jesus adds to that road-paving message
      • The choice is ours, but the Truth is unchanging
      • Matthew 11:28-30
  • What was the first century social scene?
    • Farmers, farmers, farmers, and fishermen
      • Farmers included shepherds, and lots of them
        • Sheep were a staple, used for both food and clothing
      • All had long days, hard work
      • Most formed the base of the social strata

For further study, see also:

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  • Matthew 22:36
  • Loving our neighbors: helping those in need
    • Matthew 5:38-42
    • Luke 14:12-14; 10:27-37 – Make sure you are helping with the right motive. Do not help just to be seen by others, although sometimes others may see your good works and glorify God.
    • Acts 10:1-4; James 1:27
    • I Timothy 6:17-19
    • “Nobody gets to Heaven without a letter of reference from the poor.” – James Forbes
  • Loving God: following His plan for benevolence
    • The Bible makes a distinction between individual action and church action. I Timothy 5:16
      • An individual may help through money (Luke 10:35; Acts 10:4)
      • An individual may help through action (Luke 10:34; James 1:27)
      • A church can help its own needy members (Acts 4:32-35).
      • A church can send money to another church so that it can help its own needy members (I Corinthians 16:1-4).
      • But a church does not have authority to offer benevolence to the general public.
        • Acts 11:27-30
      • Also, a church cannot reorganize.
    • The wisdom of God’s plan
      • Philippians 1:27
      • John 6:34-35

For further study, see also:

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  • Psalms 35-40
  • Psalms 37:25 – Sometimes the righteous are left destitute for reasons beyond their control. However, God has a plan to help those who find themselves in this position through the church. If we trust in God’s arrangements and carry out his commands, those in need will be provided for.
  • Psalms 40:6-8 – This is a Messianic prophecy. Hebrews 10:5-10 quotes this and applies it to Christ.

For further study, see also:

Questions or comments? Join our Discord server for further study.


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  • Last lesson
    • How women were regarded in Old Testament times
    • What changed going into the 1st century
  • This lesson
    • What changed going into the 1st century
    • How that contrasted with Jesus’ ministry
  • Rabbinical justification
    • What???
      • Rabbis were not mentioned in the Old Testament. It was not an office created by God.
      • Matthew 15:1-9
    • Sometimes scripture, sometimes “reasoning”
    • Examples
      • Psalms 45:13 – Interpretation: A woman’s place is in the home.
      • Deuteronomy 4:9 – Interpretation: Don’t teach your daughters the law.
      • Rabbi Jose ben Johanan – Don’t talk to women!
      • Rabbi Rabbah – Women are to stay at home.
      • Rabbi Erubin – Women are to be covered and shut up at home.
      • Women’s court in the temple
        • Women limited to only the women’s court in the temple.
    • Contrasting tradition with gospels and epistles
      • Women not relegated to the home
        • Workers in the home, yes – Titus 2:3-5
        • But no mandate to exclusivity – Acts 16:11-15, 40
      • Women present in much of Jesus’ ministry
        • Not part of the 12 or of the 70
        • Almost constantly present during His ministry
        • Never chided or degraded in New Testament writings
    • The woman at the well
      • John 4:1-45
      • Brings up rift between Jew and Samaritan
      • Jesus proves His perfect knowledge
      • She decides to use that knowledge
      • Leads her to the knowledge that Jesus is the Messiah
      • She takes the message to the village
    • More about women
      • Matthew 12:46-50
        • Women included
        • Could be disciples
      • Luke 7:36-50
    • Coming weeks
      • Social strata of Jerusalem
      • Religious sects
      • Temple
      • Priesthood

For further study, see also:

Questions or comments? Join our Discord server for further study.


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